What are anxiety disorders?
Anxiety disorders are mental health conditions characterised by persistent and excessive fears or worries. They can manifest themselves in different forms, such as Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), phobias, panic and social anxiety. They all share a significant impact on a person's quality of life, with symptoms that interfere with daily life.
Main types of anxiety disorders
Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
It is characterised by excessive and continuous worry about different areas of life, such as health, work or family. This anxiety is difficult to control and persists for months, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as fatigue and insomnia.
Specific Phobias
They are intense and irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as heights, animals or injections. Those who suffer from phobias tend to actively avoid what they fear or face the situation with great discomfort.
Panic Disorder
It is characterised by sudden attacks of intense fear, accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitations, difficulty breathing, dizziness or a feeling of imminent death. Many people develop a persistent fear of further attacks.
Social Anxiety
Also known as social phobia, it is the intense fear of being negatively evaluated in social contexts or public exposure. It can lead to avoidance of interactions or cause great suffering in social situations.
Common symptoms of anxiety disorders
- Constant worries that are difficult to control
- Feeling nervous, tense or restless
- Rapid heartbeat, sweating or trembling
- Sleep disturbances
- Difficulty concentrating
- Avoidance of situations that cause fear or discomfort
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis should be made by a health professional, based on an assessment of the symptoms, their duration and the impact on the person's life. It is important to rule out other medical causes or the effects of substances. An accurate diagnosis can guide the most effective treatment.
Treatments available for anxiety disorders
Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective approaches. It helps identify dysfunctional thinking patterns and develop strategies to deal with anxiety gradually and effectively.
Medication
Medication can be prescribed when anxiety is severe or persistent.
Lifestyle changes
- Regular exercise
- Relaxation and meditation techniques
- Avoid caffeine, alcohol and other stimulating substances
- Maintain a regular and healthy routine
Practical strategies for dealing with anxiety
- Recognise your triggers
- Practise breathing and relaxation techniques
- Gradually confront anxiety-provoking situations
- Maintain a balanced lifestyle
- Seek emotional support from friends, family or professionals
When to seek specialised help?
You should seek professional support if:
- Symptoms persist or worsen
- Anxiety interferes with work, studies or relationships
- Frequent panic attacks
- Social isolation or constant avoidance of situations
Conclusion
Anxiety disorders are treatable and common. With the right support, it's possible to control symptoms and regain quality of life. If you feel that anxiety is affecting your daily life, don't hesitate to seek specialised help.
