What is the POC?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), sometimes known internationally as OCD, is characterised by obsessions - recurring, persistent and unwanted thoughts, images or impulses - and/or compulsions, which are repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to try to reduce the anxiety generated by the obsessions.
These obsessions and compulsions cause significant suffering or interfere with the person's daily performance, and are often recognised as irrational but difficult to control.
Main obsessions and common rituals
Obsessions
- Intense fear of contamination by germs, dirt or chemicals.
- Intrusive doubts about causing harm, making serious mistakes or hurting someone unintentionally.
- Excessive concern with symmetry, order or that “everything is perfect”.
Compulsions / rituals
- Excessive washing or cleaning of hands or objects.
- Repeatedly check doors, lights or possible errors.
- Sorting, reorganising, repeating words, phrases or mental counting.
Impact on daily life
OCD is a condition that can jeopardise professional, academic, family and social life. Many people spend more than an hour a day stuck in thoughts or rituals, jeopardising their time and quality of life.
It can also lead to isolation, guilt, fear of losing control and low self-esteem.
How is the diagnosis made?
Diagnosis is clinical and involves
- Detailed symptom assessment
- Analysing personal history
- Checking for time-consuming obsessions and/or compulsions
- Exclusion of other conditions such as anxiety, mood disorders or substance effects
Effective therapies and treatment
Psychological therapy
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is the main approach to OCD.
Includes exposure with response prevention, in which the person is gradually exposed to the trigger without performing the ritual, learning to tolerate the anxiety.
Pharmacological treatment
A proper treatment, This should always be supervised by a specialist, especially when the symptoms cause suffering or significantly interfere with daily functioning.
Day-to-day coping strategies
- Recognise the obsessive-compulsive pattern and seek help early.
- Work on gradual exposure to triggers with therapeutic support, avoiding avoidance strategies.
- Practise relaxation, meditation or mindfulness techniques.
- Involve family members or a support network to improve daily dynamics.
When to see a specialist?
Seek support if:
- Thoughts and rituals take up too much time
- “Manias” evolve into rigid rituals
- There is distress or impact on relationships, work or studies
- The feeling of loss of control increases
Conclusion
OCD is a serious disorder that requires assessment and treatment to enable the person to regain control over their life. With appropriate therapy, professional counselling and consistent strategies, it is possible to significantly reduce symptoms and restore well-being.
